Technical Details

M-DUINO PLC Arduino Ethernet 19R I/Os Relay/Analog/Digital PLUS

BACK TO THE PRODUCT

Initial Installation

ARDUINO IDE

Industrial controller Arduino IDE is the Original platform to program Arduino boards. This cross-platform application is available on Windows, macOS and Linux and under the GNU General Public License. Arduino IDE supports C and C++ code structuring. Industrial Shields recommend using Industrial Arduino automation IDE to program rduino Based PLC’s, but any Arduino industrial automation control system compatible software are compatible with Industrial Shields Controllers.

Apart from that, Industrial Shields bring the possibility to select your Arduino based PLC into your Arduino IDE and compile your sketches for
the different PLC controller (programmable logic controller)

Download the software platform Arduino IDE 1.8.6: 

Windows Installer

MAC OSX

Install Industrial Shields units to Arduino IDE:

Industrialshields boards

ANALOG INPUTS

Voltage variation  between –Vcc (or GND) and  +Vcc, can take any value. An analog input provides a coded measurement in the form of a
digital value with an N-bit number.  In Digital and Analog I/O there’s self insulation, so it is posible to connect them in a different power supply
than 24 V.  

Inputs: (4x) Analog (0-10Vdc, 10bit) / Digital (5-24Vdc) configurable by software.

To know more about analog inputs...

TYPICAL CONNECTION

Arduino PLC Analog Imputs Typical Connection

DIGITAL INPUTS

Voltage variation  from  –Vcc (or GND)  to  +Vcc, with no intermediate values. Two states: 0 (-Vcc or GND) and 1 (+Vcc).  In Digital and Analog I/O there’s self
insulation, so its possible to connect them in a different power supply than 24 V.  

Inputs: (4x) Analog (0-10Vdc, 10bit) / Digital (7-24Vdc) configurable by software.


All digital inputs are PNP.

To know more about digital inputs...


TYPICAL CONNECTION


- Digital Isolated Input


Arduino PLC Digital Isolated Imput Typical Connection 

 - Digital No Isolated Input Arduino PLC Digital No Isolated Imput Typical Connection

INTERRUPT INPUTS

Interrupt Service Routine.  A mechanism that allows a function to be associated with the occurrence of a particular event. When the event
occurs the processor exits immediately from the normal flow of the program and runs the associated ISR function ignoring any other task. 


Inputs:  (2x) Interrupt Inputs (7-24Vdc). “Can work like Digital Input (24Vdc)”.

Interrupt Pin Arduino Mega Pin M-Duino
INT0 2 I0.0/INT0
INT1 3 I0.1/INT1 

  - I0.0/INT0 and I0.1/INT1 also as Pin3 and Pin2. Enable Interrupts turning ON the switches number 3 and 4 of down communication switches.

To know more about interrupt inputs...

TYPICAL CONNECTION

Arduino PLC Interrupt Service Rutine TYPICAL CONNECTION

EXAMPLE

In this example we activate INT0 using pin I0_0 from M-duino board. When there’s a change  

#define INTERRUPT I0_0 //other pins: I0_1, I0_6, I2_6, I2_5, I1_6, I1_5 (M-Duino) I0_0, I0_3, I0_2, I0_1 (Ardbox)

volatile bool state = false;

void setup() {
  pinMode(INTERRUPT, INPUT_PULLUP);
  attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(INTERRUPT), function_call_back, CHANGE);
}

void loop() {
  if (state == true){
    Serial.println("Interrupt activated");
    state = false;
  }
}

void function_call_back(){ //Change led state
  state = true;
}

Communications

                  Ethernet

                  Ethernet is the technology that is most commonly used in wired local area networks ( LANs ).

                  A LAN is a network of computers
                  and other electronic devices that covers a small area such as a room, office, or building. It is used in contrast to a wide area
                  network (WAN) , which spans much larger geographical areas.

                  Ethernet is a network protocol that controls how data is
                  transmitted over a LAN. Technically it is referred to as the IEEE 802.3 protocol. The protocol has evolved and improved over time
                  to transfer data at the speed of a gigabit per second.

                  Our M-Duino family incorporate the integrated W5500 IC.

                  WX5500 is a Hardwired TCP/IP embedded Ethernet controller that provides easier Internet connection to embedded systems. This chip enables users to have
                  Internet connectivity in their applications by using the single chip in which TCP/IP stack, 10/100
                  Ethernet MAC and PHY are embedded. The W5500 chip embeds the 32Kb internal memory buffer for the Ethernet packet
                  processing. With this chip users can implement the Ethernet application by adding the simple socket program. SPI is provided for
                  easy integration with the external microcontroller.

                  Hardware  

                  Hardware configuration

                  *IMPORTANT: Make sure that your Ethernet PLC is powered (12-24Vdc). Just with USB is insufficient power to power up the
                  Ethernet communication.

                   

                  Switch configuration

                  For the Ethernet communication protocol there isn’t any switch that affects it. So it does not matter the configuration of the
                  switches to implement Ethernet communication.

                  Used pins

                  For Ethernet communication protocol, the defined Arduino Mega pin is pin 10 , which is connected and already internally
                  assembled to the WX5500 Ethernet controller. W5500 IC communicates to the Mega board via SPI bus already assembled too.
                  You can
                  access easily to Ethernet port in our Ethernet PLCs, it is located at the top of the communications layer.

                  Ethernet hardware configuration must be plug and play.

                  Software

                   

                  *IMPORTANT: Make sure to download the Arduino based PLC boards for Arduino IDE.

                  Software Configuration:

                  Once the hardware configuration is done, it is possible to proceed with the software configuration and also its usage. Firstable it is necessary to include
                  the Ethernet2.h library provided by Industrial Shields (has the same functionallity as Ethernet.h and also
                  the same usage).

                  #include <Ethernet2.h>
                  * Remember that for the V7 version or earlier versions you must use the <Ethernet.h> library.

                  Ethernet2 Library - functions.

                  * Ethernet2.h library has the same functions as Ethernet.h.


                  Example Codes:

                  Echo TCP Server:

                  Once the server is running, any client can connect to the server. On this example it is used an M-Duino to generate the server. The
                  example of TCP client showed before could be one of the clients.

                  Next it is showed the Arduino IDE code:

                  // use Ethernet.h if you have a M-Duino V7 version
                  #include <Ethernet2.h>
                  // mac address for M-Duino
                  byte mac[] = { 0xBE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED };
                  // Ip address for M-Duino
                  byte ip[] = { 192, 168, 1, 100 };
                  int tcp_port = 5566;
                  EthernetServer server = EthernetServer(5566);
                  void setup()
                  {
                    // initialize the ethernet device
                    Ethernet.begin(mac, ip);
                    // start server for listenign for clients
                    server.begin();
                  }
                  void loop()
                  {
                    // if an incoming client connects, there will be bytes available to read:
                    EthernetClient client = server.available();
                    if (client.available()) {
                      // read bytes from the incoming client and write them back
                      // to the same client connected to the server
                      client.write(client.read());
                    }
                  }

                  Echo TCP Client:

                  Once the server is running, M-Duino can connect to the server. On this example it is used an M-Duino to connect with the Node.js server called server.js, the same as 
                  used on previous example link.

                  To configure the M-Duino, this post just follows the TCP example from Arduino web site with a few changes. To be able to connect to the server we must know the TCP
                  server IP and the port where this server is listening.

                  Next it is showed the Arduino code:

                  #include <Ethernet2.h>
                  #include <SPI.h>
                  byte mac[] = { 0xBE, 0xAD, 0xBE, 0xEF, 0xFE, 0xED };
                  byte ip[] = { 192, 168, 1, 100 };
                  byte server[] = { 192, 168, 1, 105 }; // Touchberry Pi Server
                  int tcp_port = 5566;
                  EthernetClient client;
                  void setup()
                  {
                    Ethernet.begin(mac, ip);
                    Serial.begin(9600);
                    delay(1000);
                    Serial.println("Connecting...");
                    if (client.connect(server, tcp_port)) { // Connection to server.js
                      Serial.println("Connected to server.js");
                      client.println();
                    } else {
                      Serial.println("connection failed");
                    }
                  }
                  void loop()
                  {
                    if (client.available()) {
                      if(Serial.available()){
                        char s = Serial.read();
                        client.write(s); // Send what is reed on serial monitor
                        char c = client.read();
                        Serial.print(c); // Print on serial monitor the data from server
                      }
                    }
                    if (!client.connected()) {
                      Serial.println();
                      Serial.println("disconnecting.");
                      client.stop();
                      for(;;) ;
                    }
                  }

                  Serial TTL

                  Communication Interface between two devices with a low level voltage. A Serial port sends data by a bit sequence.

                  Two signals: Tx (Transmit Data) and Rx (Receive Data).

                  M-Duino has two TTL ports, RX0/TX0, RX1/TX1. TTL0 is accessed with the function Serial (pins 0 and 1 of the Arduino Mega). TTL1 is accessed with the function Serial1 (pins 18 and 19 of the Arduino Mega).

                  To know more about Serial TTL...

                  Hardware

                  IMPORTANT:  Make sure that your Ethernet PLC is powered (12-24Vdc). 

                  Switch configuration


                  To achieve Serial TTL communication there isn't any switch that affects it, it is always enabled. So it does not matter the configuration of the switches to implement Serial TTL
                  communication.  

                  Used pins 

                  For Serial communication protocol the defined Arduino Mega pins are showed in the chart below: 


                  MDuino Ethernet PLC PinoutArduino Mega Pinout
                  Tx 0
                  0
                  Rx 01
                  Tx 118
                  Rx 1
                  19

                  Software

                  IMPORTANT:  Make sure to download the  Arduino based PLC boards  for Arduino IDE.

                  Software Configuration

                  Once the hardware configuration is done, it's possible to proceed with the software configuration and also its usage. Firstable it's necessary to include the RS232.h library provided in
                  our boards. Then don’t forget to implement the proper initialization of your communication on the setup() function:

                  Serial.begin(9600);

                  Basic Serial TTL write example

                    Reads an analog input on Tx0 (pin 0), prints the result to the serial monitor.

                    Graphical representation is available using serial plotter (Tools > Serial Plotter menu) on Arduino IDE serial monitor.

                  // the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
                  void setup() {
                    pinMode(I0_2, INPUT);
                  // initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second:
                    Serial.begin(9600);
                  }
                  // the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
                  void loop() {
                    // read the input on analog pin 0:
                    int sensorValue = analogRead(I0_2);
                    // print out the value you read:
                    Serial.println(sensorValue);
                    delay(1);        // delay in between reads for stability
                  }

                  I2C

                  I2C is a synchronous protocol. Only uses 2 cables, one for the clock (SCL) and one for the data (SDA). This means that the master and the slave send data through the same

                  cable, which is controlled by the master, who creates the clock signal. I2C does not use slave selection, but addressing.

                  I2C is a serial communications bus. The speed is 100 kbit/s in standard mode, but also allows speeds of 3.4 Mbit/s. It is a bus very used in the industry, mainly to

                  communicate microcontrollers and their peripherals in integrated systems and generalizing more to communicate integrated circuits among themselves that normally reside

                  in a same printed circuit.

                  To know more about I2C...

                  Hardware

                  IMPORTANT:  Make sure that your Ethernet PLC is powered (12-24Vdc). 

                  Switch configuration

                  To achieve I2C communication there isn't any switch that affects it, it is always enabled. So it does not matter the configuration of the switches to implement I2C communication.

                  Used pins 

                  For Serial communication protocol the defined Arduino Mega pins are showed in the chart below: 


                  MDuino Ethernet PLC Pinout
                  Arduino Mega Pinout
                  SDA20
                  SCL21

                  Software


                  IMPORTANT:  Make sure to download the  Arduino based PLC boards  for Arduino IDE.




                   


                  SPI

                  These pins can only work as a 5V pins if the Ethernet protocol is not going to be used. As the Ethernet protocol uses the SPI to communicate with the Arduino board, both

                  behaviours cannot happen at the same time as the Ethernet would not work.

                  These pins are not stablished with a pull-up or a pull-down configuration. The state of thesepins is unknown. If these pins must be used, they require a pull-up or a pull-down

                  configuration. The Arduino board allows the pins to be set in a pull-up configuration. If not itmust be stablished an external pull-up or pull-down circuit in order to correctly

                  work with these pins.

                  To know more about SPI...

                  Hardware

                  IMPORTANT:  Make sure that your Ethernet PLC is powered (12-24Vdc). 

                  Switch configuration

                  To achieve SPI communication there isn't any switch that affects it, it is always enabled. So it does not matter the configuration of the switches to implement SPI communication.

                  Used pins 

                  For Serial communication protocol the defined Arduino Mega pins are showed in the chart below. For SPI bus MISO, MOSI and CLOCK pins are
                  common to all the connected devices to the M-Duino, conversely, each of the connected devices will have a single and dedicated SS pin. 


                  Function M-Duino connection Arduino Mega Pinout
                  MISO SO 50
                  MOSI SI 51
                  CLOCK SCK 52
                  RST Reset Reset



                  Software

                  IMPORTANT:  Make sure to download the  Arduino based PLC boards  for Arduino IDE.

                  Example sketch - Digital Pot Control

                    This example controls an Analog Devices AD5206 digital potentiometer.
                    The AD5206 has 6 potentiometer channels. Each channel's pins are labeled
                    A - connect this to voltage
                    W - this is the pot's wiper, which changes when you set it
                    B - connect this to ground.

                   The AD5206 is SPI-compatible,and to command it, you send two bytes,
                   one with the channel number (0 - 5) and one with the resistance value for the
                   channel (0 - 255).

                   The circuit:
                    * All A pins  of AD5206 connected to +5V
                    * All B pins of AD5206 connected to ground
                    * An LED and a 220-ohm resisor in series connected from each W pin to ground
                    * CS - to digital pin (SS pin)
                    * SDI - to digital pin (MOSI pin)
                    * CLK - to digital pin (SCK pin)


                  // inslude the SPI library:
                  #include <SPI.h>
                  
                  
                  // set pin 10 as the slave select for the digital pot:
                  const int slaveSelectPin = 10;
                  
                  void setup() {
                    // set the slaveSelectPin as an output:
                    pinMode(slaveSelectPin, OUTPUT);
                    // initialize SPI:
                    SPI.begin();
                  }
                  
                  void loop() {
                    // go through the six channels of the digital pot:
                    for (int channel = 0; channel < 6; channel++) {
                      // change the resistance on this channel from min to max:
                      for (int level = 0; level < 255; level++) {
                        digitalPotWrite(channel, level);
                        delay(10);
                      }
                      // wait a second at the top:
                      delay(100);
                      // change the resistance on this channel from max to min:
                      for (int level = 0; level < 255; level++) {
                        digitalPotWrite(channel, 255 - level);
                        delay(10);
                      }
                    }
                  
                  }
                  
                  void digitalPotWrite(int address, int value) {
                    // take the SS pin low to select the chip:
                    digitalWrite(slaveSelectPin, LOW);
                    //  send in the address and value via SPI:
                    SPI.transfer(address);
                    SPI.transfer(value);
                    // take the SS pin high to de-select the chip:
                    digitalWrite(slaveSelectPin, HIGH);
                  }
                   

                  Special Functions

                  RTC

                   The term  real-time clock  is used to avoid confusion with ordinary hardware clocks which are only signals that govern digital electronics, and do not count time in human units. RTC should not be confused with real-time computing, which shares the acronym but does not directly relate to time of day.

                  Although keeping time can be done without an RTC, using one has benefits:

                      - Low power consumption (important when running from alternate power
                      - Frees the main system for time-critical tasks
                      - Sometimes more accurate than other methods


                  There is a 3,3V  lithium coin cell  battery supplying the RTC.  M-Duinos RTC Module  is based on the  DS1307  Chip .  The  DS1307 serial real-time clock 
                  (RTC) is a lowpower, full binary-coded decimal  (BCD)  clock/calendar plus 56 bytes of NV SRAM. Address and data are transferred serially through an I2C ,
                  bidirectional bus. The clock/calendar provides seconds, minutes, hours, day, date, month, and year information. The end of the month date is automatically adjusted for months with fewer than 31 days, including corrections for leap year. The clock operates in either the 24-hour or 12-hour format with AM/PM indicator. The
                  DS1307 has a built-in power-sense circuit that detects power failures and automatically switches to the backup supply. Timekeeping operation continues while the
                  part operates from the backup supply.

                  To know more about the RTC...

                  Hardware Configuration


                  IMPORTANT: Make sure that your Ethernet PLC is powered  (12-24Vdc) .

                  Switch configuration

                  RTC works with the  I2C  protocol communication, so it is required to have enabled the I2C protocol.  

                  4 switches  have to be configured in order to enable the  RTC features  and  I2C  communication: 


                  SWITCH ON OFF
                  NC - -
                  NC - -
                  RTC/SCL RTC -
                  RTC/SDA RTC -


                  RTC SCL  &  RTC SDA  must be set to ON mode to enable the I2C wires to the RTC. If they are in OFF mode, the Arduino won’t communicate with the RTC. 

                  Software Configuration


                  Once the hardware configuration is done, it's possible to proceed with the software configuration and also its usage. Firstable it's necessary to include the RTC.h
                  library provided in our boards (RTC.h includes I2C.h initialitzation, so it will not be necessary to initialize the I2C.h library): 

                  #include <RTC.h> 

                  To check if the RTC port is working it is easy to use the serial monitor from the Arduino IDE using the right sentence inside the setup() function: 

                  #Serial.begin(9600L) 

                  Example Code   

                  Basic RTC Test


                  // RTC library example
                  // by Industrial Shields
                  #include <RTC.h>
                  ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                  void setup() {
                    Serial.begin(9600L);
                  }
                  ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
                  void loop() {
                    if (!RTC.read()) {
                      Serial.println("Read date error: is time set?");
                      }
                       else {
                      Serial.print("Time: ");
                      Serial.print(RTC.getYear());
                      Serial.print("-");
                      Serial.print(RTC.getMonth());
                      Serial.print("-");
                      Serial.print(RTC.getMonthDay());
                      Serial.print(" ");
                      Serial.print(RTC.getHour());
                      Serial.print(":");
                      Serial.print(RTC.getMinute());
                      Serial.print(":");
                      Serial.print(RTC.getSecond());
                      Serial.print(" (");
                      Serial.print(RTC.getTime());
                      Serial.println(")");
                    }
                    delay(1000);
                  }